International Green Warrior Olympiad Class 12 Previous Year Papers

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Syllabus:

Clean Water and Sanitation

• Water sources and quality: Sources of clean water (e.g., rivers, lakes, groundwater), water quality testing and monitoring, role of water treatment plants in ensuring safe drinking water
• Sanitation and hygiene: Importance of proper sanitation and hygiene practices, safe disposal of waste and human excreta, role of handwashing in disease prevention
• Waterborne diseases: Common waterborne diseases (e.g., cholera, diarrhoea), how waterborne diseases spread and impact public health, prevention through clean water and sanitation practices
• Water conservation and efficiency: The water cycle and its importance, strategies for water conservation at home and in communities, technologies for efficient water use (e.g., low-flow fixtures)
• Emerging technologies for clean water: Introduction to innovative water purification technologies, solar water purifiers, filtration systems, and water-purifying plants
• Water and the environment: Impact of water pollution on ecosystems and biodiversity, case studies on polluted rivers and oceans, the role of communities in protecting water sources
• Water pollution and treatment: Sources and types of water pollution (e.g., industrial, agricultural), effects of pollution on aquatic ecosystems and human health, wastewater treatment processes and their importance

Affordable and Clean Energy

• Affordable and clean energy: Differentiating between clean and fossil fuel-based energy sources
• Fossil fuels and their consequences: Understanding the environmental impact of fossil fuel use (coal, oil, natural gas), air and water pollution caused by fossil fuels, the role of carbon emissions in climate change
• Alternative energy sources: Solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, hydro, tidal, wave, biofuel etc., sources of low-carbon energy, advantages of using renewable energy in a domestic setting (solar power, geothermal heat pumps, small wind systems)
• Energy conservation and efficiency: Ways to conserve energy in daily life, benefits of conservation of energy. improving energy efficiency in homes, buildings, and industries can significantly reduce energy consumption. energy-efficient appliances, led lighting, and well-insulated buildings are examples of ways to achieve this.

Sustainable Cities and Communities

• Sustainable water management: Introduction to sustainable water management, rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling, water reuse and recycling practices
• Sustainable waste management: Encourage waste reduction, reuse of materials, and recycling to minimize waste generation
• Environmental sustainability: Preserve green spaces, parks, and natural habitats to support biodiversity
• Effects of urbanisation and sustainable urbanisation

Responsible Consumption and Production

• Responsible technology consumption: The environmental and social consequences of electronics consumption, e-waste management and responsible disposal, strategies for extending the lifespan of electronic devices
• The 5 r's: Reduce, reuse, recycle, repurpose, and refuse
• Reducing energy consumption in daily life, The role of energy-efficient appliances
• Making sustainable purchasing decisions

Climate Action

• Introduction to climate change: Definition of climate change and global warming, evidence of climate change (e.g., temperature records, ice melt, sea-level rise)
• Greenhouse effect and global warming: Understanding the greenhouse effect, role of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane), link between human activities and increased greenhouse gas concentrations
• Impacts of climate change: Effects on weather patterns and extreme events, economic and social consequences of climate change, examples of climate change impacts
• Mitigation and adaptation strategies: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), strategies for energy efficiency and renewable energy, climate adaptation measures and resilience building
• Climate change solutions at the individual level: Sustainable lifestyle choices, reducing carbon footprint in daily life

Life Below Water

• Preserving life below water: Reduce marine pollution, protect and restore ecosystems, reduce ocean acidification, practice sustainable fishing, conserve coastal and marine areas etc.
• Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture: Sustainable fishing practices, responsible aquaculture and fish farming, overfishing and bycatch
• Threats to life underwater: Addressing threats like climate change, debris, dead zones, toxic spills, overfishing, shoreline development, coastal erosion, ocean acidification

Life On Land

• Protect, restore, and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems: Managing forests sustainably, combating desertification, restoring degraded land and soil, halting biodiversity loss, protecting threatened species
• Forest ecosystems and their importance: Introduction to forest ecosystems (temperate, tropical, boreal), role of forests in carbon storage and climate regulation, deforestation and its impacts

Food Security and Agriculture

• Food choices and sustainable eating: The environmental impact of food choices, sustainable diets and the benefits of local, seasonal foods, reducing food waste and practicing mindful eating
• Food waste reduction: The global problem of food waste, strategies for reducing food waste
• Sustainable agriculture and land use: Sustainable farming practices (e.g., organic, agroecology), role of regenerative agriculture in soil health, urban agriculture and community gardens
• Promoting farming systems that use climate-smart techniques and produce a diverse mix of foods
• Improving supply chains to reduce post-harvest food losses
• Implementing resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production

Sample Paper Marking Scheme Free Study Material

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Q.1	In a region rich with diverse wildlife, researchers are assessing the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. They explore different scenarios to understand how fragmentation influences the ecosystems. In which scenario would habitat fragmentation have the least impact on biodiversity?
	a) Small habitat areas fragmented into smaller patches far from each other.		b) Moderate-sized habitat areas fragmented into patches with varied distances between them.
	c) Large habitat areas fragmented into smaller patches close to each other.		d) Large habitat areas fragmented into larger patches far from each other.

Q.2	In a university research lab, a team of scientists is conducting an experiment to evaluate the energy efficiency of different types of light bulbs—incandescent, CFL, and LED bulbs. They aim to determine the most environmentally friendly and economical option for widespread use. What type of data should they collect to draw meaningful conclusions? 1. Cost of the bulbs 2. Brightness of the bulbs 3. Energy consumption
	a) Only 1		b) Only 1 and 2
	c) Only 2 and 3		d) 1, 2 and 3

Q.3	In the city of Sustainia, authorities plan to reduce carbon emissions by integrating renewable energy sources. If a solar panel system installed on public buildings generates 500 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per month, how much electricity can it generate in a year, and what's its potential impact on carbon emissions if each kilowatt-hour not generated by fossil fuels reduces 0.9 pounds of Carbon dioxide emissions?
	a) 6000 kWh, reducing 5400 pounds of CO2		b) 4500 kWh, reducing 4050 pounds of CO2
	c) 5500 kWh, reducing 4950 pounds of CO2		d) 6500 kWh, reducing 5850 pounds of CO2

Q.4	At an educational tour of a nuclear power plant, students are learning about the primary energy transformation process used in this facility, specifically related to radioactive elements. What is the primary energy transformation process in this power plant?
	a) Nuclear fusion		b) Nuclear decay
	c) Nuclear fission		d) Chemical combustion

Q.5	Imagine two forests: a vast boreal coniferous forest in Siberia and a temperate deciduous forest in New England. Both forests experience seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation. However, the boreal forest stores significantly more carbon. What could be the primary reason for this difference?
	a) The slower decomposition rate in colder boreal regions allows for longer carbon storage.		b) The dense evergreen needles of boreal trees provide a larger surface area for carbon capture.
	c) The diverse understory vegetation in temperate forests competes with trees for available carbon.		d) The frequent wildfires in boreal regions release stored carbon back into the atmosphere.

Q.6	The graph below demonstrates a 50% reduction in post-harvest food losses achieved by a cooperative of farmers through enhanced packaging and transportation practices. What specific strategies in packaging and transportation could account for this significant success?
	a) Using biodegradable packaging materials and increasing the number of intermediaries in the supply chain.		b) Utilising airtight packaging to preserve freshness and optimising transportation routes to minimise travel time and handling.
	c) Employing large packaging to fit more produce and reduce the number of trips.		d) Using basic packaging materials and increasing the frequency of deliveries to retailers.

Q.7	A city council aims to encourage composting among residents to reduce waste and promote sustainability. They plan to educate citizens about the benefits of composting. What key points would be most effective in promoting composting practices in the community?
	a) Highlighting the reduction of methane emissions from landfills and the enrichment of soil with compost.		b) Focusing on the convenience of disposing of organic waste without considering environmental benefits.
	c) Emphasising the increased waste collection costs associated with organic waste disposal.		d) Promoting composting only as a means of reducing waste without discussing its environmental advantages.

Q.8	Consider the case study given below and answer the following question: Case Study: Threats to Marine Life In the North Atlantic, a large ship accident caused a massive oil spill. This spill polluted the ocean, covering the surface and spreading deep into the water. The oil mixed with floating plastic waste, created dangerous clumps that harmed marine animals and spread toxic chemicals. Furthermore, the surrounding coastal regions experienced heavy industrial runoff from nearby factories and agricultural waste from farms that drain into rivers and streams, carrying excessive nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The combination of oil slicks, entangled plastic debris, and toxic algal blooms severely impacts the local fishing industry, leading to economic downturns and food scarcity in nearby communities reliant on marine resources. The spill also results in long-term ecological damage, affecting critical habitats such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and estuaries, disrupting entire ecosystems. This situation shows how different kinds of marine pollution, all come together to make things worse for ocean life and the people who depend on it. It is crucial for us to find ways to prevent and clean up these types of pollution to protect our oceans and the creatures living in them. In a region where algal blooms have caused a significant decrease in oxygen levels, which species is most likely to suffer the most adverse effects?
	a) Small fish dependent on oxygen-rich waters.		b) Plankton thriving in low-oxygen environments.
	c) Bottom-dwelling mollusks adapted to varying oxygen levels.		d) Deep-sea corals known for surviving in anoxic conditions.

Q.9	A city is expanding its wastewater treatment infrastructure to improve the quality of treated water released into the environment. As part of this development, engineers and environmental experts are reviewing the different stages of wastewater treatment to ensure the most effective processing of sewage. In the wastewater treatment process, which stage involves the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen?
	a) Primary treatment		b) Secondary treatment
	c) Tertiary treatment		d) Anaerobic digestion

Q.10	The city council is discussing methods to promote sustainability in transportation. What characteristic defines efficient public transportation systems?
	a) Relying solely on private cars for urban commuting		b) Investing in high-speed highways to reduce travel time.
	c) Integrating a comprehensive network of buses and trains for convenient travel.		d) Encouraging individual car ownership without considering alternative modes of transport.

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