International Green Warrior Olympiad Class 12 Previous Year Papers

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Syllabus:

Clean Water and Sanitation

• Water sources and quality: Sources of clean water (e.g., rivers, lakes, groundwater), water quality testing and monitoring, role of water treatment plants in ensuring safe drinking water
• Sanitation and hygiene: Importance of proper sanitation and hygiene practices, safe disposal of waste and human excreta, role of handwashing in disease prevention
• Waterborne diseases: Common waterborne diseases (e.g., cholera, diarrhoea), how waterborne diseases spread and impact public health, prevention through clean water and sanitation practices
• Water conservation and efficiency: The water cycle and its importance, strategies for water conservation at home and in communities, technologies for efficient water use (e.g., low-flow fixtures)
• Emerging technologies for clean water: Introduction to innovative water purification technologies, solar water purifiers, filtration systems, and water-purifying plants
• Water and the environment: Impact of water pollution on ecosystems and biodiversity, case studies on polluted rivers and oceans, the role of communities in protecting water sources
• Water pollution and treatment: Sources and types of water pollution (e.g., industrial, agricultural), effects of pollution on aquatic ecosystems and human health, wastewater treatment processes and their importance

Affordable and Clean Energy

• Affordable and clean energy: Differentiating between clean and fossil fuel-based energy sources
• Fossil fuels and their consequences: Understanding the environmental impact of fossil fuel use (coal, oil, natural gas), air and water pollution caused by fossil fuels, the role of carbon emissions in climate change
• Alternative energy sources: Solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, hydro, tidal, wave, biofuel etc., sources of low-carbon energy, advantages of using renewable energy in a domestic setting (solar power, geothermal heat pumps, small wind systems)
• Energy conservation and efficiency: Ways to conserve energy in daily life, benefits of conservation of energy. improving energy efficiency in homes, buildings, and industries can significantly reduce energy consumption. energy-efficient appliances, led lighting, and well-insulated buildings are examples of ways to achieve this.

Sustainable Cities and Communities

• Sustainable water management: Introduction to sustainable water management, rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling, water reuse and recycling practices
• Sustainable waste management: Encourage waste reduction, reuse of materials, and recycling to minimize waste generation
• Environmental sustainability: Preserve green spaces, parks, and natural habitats to support biodiversity
• Effects of urbanisation and sustainable urbanisation

Responsible Consumption and Production

• Responsible technology consumption: The environmental and social consequences of electronics consumption, e-waste management and responsible disposal, strategies for extending the lifespan of electronic devices
• The 5 r's: Reduce, reuse, recycle, repurpose, and refuse
• Reducing energy consumption in daily life, The role of energy-efficient appliances
• Making sustainable purchasing decisions

Climate Action

• Introduction to climate change: Definition of climate change and global warming, evidence of climate change (e.g., temperature records, ice melt, sea-level rise)
• Greenhouse effect and global warming: Understanding the greenhouse effect, role of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane), link between human activities and increased greenhouse gas concentrations
• Impacts of climate change: Effects on weather patterns and extreme events, economic and social consequences of climate change, examples of climate change impacts
• Mitigation and adaptation strategies: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions (mitigation), strategies for energy efficiency and renewable energy, climate adaptation measures and resilience building
• Climate change solutions at the individual level: Sustainable lifestyle choices, reducing carbon footprint in daily life

Life Below Water

• Preserving life below water: Reduce marine pollution, protect and restore ecosystems, reduce ocean acidification, practice sustainable fishing, conserve coastal and marine areas etc.
• Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture: Sustainable fishing practices, responsible aquaculture and fish farming, overfishing and bycatch
• Threats to life underwater: Addressing threats like climate change, debris, dead zones, toxic spills, overfishing, shoreline development, coastal erosion, ocean acidification

Life On Land

• Protect, restore, and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems: Managing forests sustainably, combating desertification, restoring degraded land and soil, halting biodiversity loss, protecting threatened species
• Forest ecosystems and their importance: Introduction to forest ecosystems (temperate, tropical, boreal), role of forests in carbon storage and climate regulation, deforestation and its impacts

Food Security and Agriculture

• Food choices and sustainable eating: The environmental impact of food choices, sustainable diets and the benefits of local, seasonal foods, reducing food waste and practicing mindful eating
• Food waste reduction: The global problem of food waste, strategies for reducing food waste
• Sustainable agriculture and land use: Sustainable farming practices (e.g., organic, agroecology), role of regenerative agriculture in soil health, urban agriculture and community gardens
• Promoting farming systems that use climate-smart techniques and produce a diverse mix of foods
• Improving supply chains to reduce post-harvest food losses
• Implementing resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production

Sample Paper Marking Scheme Free Study Material

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Q.1	As Arctic sea ice melts due to climate change, polar bears struggle to find suitable hunting grounds for seals. This forces them onto land, consuming less energy-rich food and burning more energy for travel. What is the most likely long-term consequence of this scenario for polar bear populations?
	a) Increased birth rates to compensate for energy loss and declining survival rates.		b) Smaller body size in future generations due to reduced nutritional intake.
	c) Enhanced adaptation of polar bears to a terrestrial lifestyle, minimising the impact of sea ice loss.		d) Unaffected polar bear populations as they find alternative hunting strategies in response to climate change.

Q.2	Consider the Case study given below and answer the following question: Case Study: Threats to Marine Life In the North Atlantic, a large ship accident caused a massive oil spill. This spill polluted the ocean, covering the surface and spreading deep into the water. The oil mixed with floating plastic waste, created dangerous clumps that harmed marine animals and spread toxic chemicals. Furthermore, the surrounding coastal regions experienced heavy industrial runoff from nearby factories and agricultural waste from farms that drain into rivers and streams, carrying excessive nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The combination of oil slicks, entangled plastic debris, and toxic algal blooms severely impacts the local fishing industry, leading to economic downturns and food scarcity in nearby communities reliant on marine resources. The spill also results in long-term ecological damage, affecting critical habitats such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, and estuaries, disrupting entire ecosystems. This situation shows how different kinds of marine pollution, all come together to make things worse for ocean life and the people who depend on it. It is crucial for us to find ways to prevent and clean up these types of pollution to protect our oceans and the creatures living in them. How can individuals and communities contribute to reducing marine pollution? 1. Minimise plastic waste by using reusable bags, bottles, and containers 2. Support sustainable fishing practices and choose seafood from certified sources 3. Ignoring beach clean-up efforts to avoid disturbing marine ecosystems
	a) Only 1		b) Only 1 and 2
	c) Only 2 and 3		d) 1, 2 and 3

Q.3	In a region rich with diverse wildlife, researchers are assessing the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. They explore different scenarios to understand how fragmentation influences the ecosystems. In which scenario would habitat fragmentation have the least impact on biodiversity?
	a) Small habitat areas fragmented into smaller patches far from each other.		b) Moderate-sized habitat areas fragmented into patches with varied distances between them.
	c) Large habitat areas fragmented into smaller patches close to each other.		d) Large habitat areas fragmented into larger patches far from each other.

Q.4	A city is expanding its wastewater treatment infrastructure to improve the quality of treated water released into the environment. As part of this development, engineers and environmental experts are reviewing the different stages of wastewater treatment to ensure the most effective processing of sewage. In the wastewater treatment process, which stage involves the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen?
	a) Primary treatment		b) Secondary treatment
	c) Tertiary treatment		d) Anaerobic digestion

Q.5	Blair, an environmentally conscious consumer, is shopping for groceries at a local store. She notices a food product with an eco-label that states "Organic" on the packaging. Curious about its meaning, she checks the information available to understand the significance of the label. In the context of eco-labelling, what does the presence of an "Organic" label on a food product signify based on Emily's observation?
	a) The product is made using recycled materials.		b) It is manufactured using renewable energy sources.
	c) It's produced using sustainable farming methods without synthetic pesticides or fertilisers.		d) It contains natural ingredients.

Q.6	During an Earth Science field trip, students are exploring the impact of rising temperatures on the local ecosystem. The students notice a decline in the population of a particular plant species in the area compared to previous years. Which factor related to climate change is most likely influencing this decline?
	a) Reduced levels of precipitation and increased drought conditions.		b) Increased availability of nutrients in the soil.
	c) Decreased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.		d) Rising sea levels affecting the soil composition.

Q.7	An environmental study conducted in a coastal region highlighted the excessive use of fishing gear resulting in the capture of unintended marine species, including endangered turtles and dolphins. What is the primary impact of this indiscriminate fishing practice?
	a) Maintenance of balanced marine ecosystems due to increased species diversity.		b) Reduction in bycatch due to the efficiency of modern fishing gear.
	c) Threatening biodiversity and endangering non-targeted species.		d) Preservation of endangered species populations.

Q.8	A tropical rainforest guide notices that a particular group of trees is flowering much earlier than usual. This phenomenon of early flowering has been going on for quite some time now. He wonders what might be causing this unusual phenomenon. What could be a potential explanation for the early flowering of these trees? 1. Unusually warm temperatures due to climate change mimicking the typical flowering season. 2. A sudden increase in rainfall has triggered early bud formation. 3. The trees have undergone a genetic mutation that has changed their flowering cycle.
	a) Only 1		b) Only 1 and 2
	c) Only 2 and 3		d) 1, 2 and 3

Q.9	In a coastal region, a team of environmental scientists is conducting research to identify potential carbon sequestration sites. They are particularly interested in ecosystems with waterlogged, anaerobic conditions. Which forest ecosystem in the region is most likely to store large amounts of carbon in its soil?
	a) Coniferous forest		b) Montane forest
	c) Mangrove forest		d) Deciduous forest

Q.10	Coastal regions have been experiencing a rise in sea surface temperatures due to climate change, causing concern among local communities and authorities. As part of a coastal environmental study project, your team is investigating the potential impact of this situation. Based on your research and understanding, which extreme weather event is expected to become more severe or frequent in coastal areas due to climate change ?
	a) Tornadoes		b) Hurricanes/Cyclones
	c) Snowstorms		d) Hailstorms

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